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LOCATION AND THE LIE OF THE LAND
RRS Canal

The Cracow - Wieluń Upland, commonly known as the Jurassic, makes part of a vast Silesian - Cracow Upland. The length of the strip stretching from the vicinity of Wieluń to Cracow comes to 160 km, with up to 20 km average width (in the north - up to several kilometres, in the area of Krzeszowice - 40 km). In the west, the Jurassic borders on the Silesian Upland and the Oświęcim Valley which get separated from the Jurassic by a denudative rock step (quite high in places) reaching up to 100 m (called also a 'kuesta' whose one slope is long and mild, while the other is very short and steep). The western border of the area is formed by a line linking one by one the following towns from the north: Wieluń, Krzepice, Kłobuck, Częstochowa, Żarki, Myszków, Zawiercie, Ogrodzieniec, Olkusz, Trzebinia, Babice. In the east, the Cracow -Częstochowa Upland borders on the Miechów Upland, the Nida Basin, and its borderline runs along the Dłubnia Valley through Maków, Żarnowiec, Pradła, Lelów, Janów, Mstów, Kruszyna, Pajęczno to Wieluń. On account of its geomorphological differences, the Jurassic can be divided into two uneven parts: northern and southern. The Northern Cracow Upland includes: the Wieluń Upland, the Częstochowa Plateau, the Ojców Plateau; the Southern Cracow Upland contains: the Krzeszowice Trench, the Tenczynek Prominence and the Cracow Gate. The Wieluń Upland stretches from Wieluń to the Warta ravine in the vicinity of Częstochowa, and is characterized, in comparison with other parts of the Jurassic, by little variety of landscape. First of all, there are no inselbergs typical of the Cracow Upland, which occur only occasionally in the Warta ravine close to Działoszyn. Flat hills do not exceed the height of 260 m. above sea level.

The Częstochowa Plateau is the most impressive part of the Cracow Jurassic area whose southern border is formed by the Wolbrom Gate. The main feature of the landscape are afforested areas, usually grouped into strips (the Smoleńsk-Niegowonice Strip, the Zborów-Ogrodzieniec Strip, the Olsztyn-Mirów Strip) with numerous inselbergs on their peaks and slopes, often creating diverse forms and shapes. Another feature of his area is the occurrence of waterless valleys of which undoubtedly the most beautiful is the Wiercica Valley with Sigismund and Elisabeth springs (the National Jurassic Park is planned to be created on its area with the Sokole Mountains) and semi-dry valleys filled with fluvioglacial sand (accumulated by the outflow of glacial water), forming occasionally 'deserts' of considerable size ( the Błędowska Desert, the Starczynowska Desert). The highest hill in this area is Janowski Peak - 503 m above sea level. The Ojców Plateau and the Ojców Plate, constitutes uniform, prominent block created from woodless, flat summits, wavy in places, from 400 to 460 m high, whose surface is covered with numerous limestone inselbergs, including Skałka (513 m above sea level), which is the highest peak in the Jurassic. Southern part of his area is cut by deep stream valleys, which not only "cut through" the Jurassic rocks (the Pršdnik Valley, Kluczwody Valley, Kobylańska Valley, Będkowska Valley and others), but also through limestone and Devonian dolomite (the Dubia area), Carboniferous limestone (part of Szklarka, Racławka, Czernka and Miękinka Valley), Trias limestone and dolomite (the Eliaszówka Valley), forming picturesque karstic ravines - the region, which the tourists named, along with its valleys situated on the southern slopes of the Tenczynek Prominence, the sub-Cracovian Valleys. Southern part of the Plateau is made by so-called Olkusz Bars - afforested, dome-like hills located between Olkusz, Jaroszowiec and Chrzšstowice, which remind of the hills of the Częstochowa Plateau. To the east, there is the Sułoszowa Plateau -woodless, rockless region, divided by numerous, but dry ravines. The Jurassic Plate is covered here with deposits of chalk (the more eastbound, the thicker they are ) and Quaternary loess. The eastern boundary of the region is marked by the Valley of Dłubnia which flows along the chalk deposits. The south-western part of the Ojców Plateau is formed by the Trias Myœlachowice Hills.

Southern part of the Cracow Upland is characterized by the occurrence of latitudinal trenches and tectonic horsts. The Krzeszowice trench is a long but narrow (2-4 km) lowering, stretching from Cracow to Trzebinia where the Chrzanów trench becomes its extension. The trench bottom under the Quaternary deposits is filled with the Tertiary loam. With its location to the south, 40-kilometre long Tenczynek Prominence is a uniform massif which is cut in the Krzeszowice region by the Tenczynek Valley, with the appearance of small heart-wood hills. On the southern slopes of the prominence there are picturesque stream valleys (the Sanka Valley, Brzoskwinka Valley), being equivalents of valleys situated north of the Krzeszowice Trench. In the eastern part, in the region of Zabierzów, the prominence is cut by the Rudawa river which carries the waters of all the sub-Cracovian brooks and forms in this section a spectacular gorge. The Cracow Gate, whose central part is the Vistula river, is the southern, natural borderline of the Cracow Upland. Its landscape is dominated by small, isolated hills (Wawel) or forming clusters (Las Wolski, Tyniec Hills). To the south there are Wieliczka foothills creating outskirts of the Carpatian overlap.

 
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